Grimme

Biotechnology - “any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use”.  And “Biological resources” includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. India has become the world’s 12th biggest biotechnology economy having the second-highest number of USFDA-approved plants. Biotechnology will help developing countries accomplish things that they could never do Conventional biotechnology is a biotechnology practice conducted by using simple methods and instruments, without genetic manipulation. It has been done since thousands of years ago to produce many kinds of products, such as beer, wine, tuak, sake, yogurt, bread, cheese, soy sauce, tempe,tapai, and oncom. Modern biotechnology is a biotechnology practice developed with genetic manipulation technique, in which th...

  Gene Editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is- inserted, deleted, modified, or substituted in the genome of a living organism. Unlike early genetic engineering techniques that randomly insert genetic material into a host genome, genome editing targets the insertions to site-specific locations. CRISPR is widely considered the most precise, cost-effective, and quickest way to edit genes. • Pros: Most uses of genome editing have been in scientific research –for example, to investigate models of human disease. Genome editing has the potential to alter any DNA sequence, whether in a bacterium, plant, animal, or human being. It is a powerful tool that can reshape the way society deals with many issues of healthcare, food scarcity, and the environment. Crops and livestock (e.g. increasing yield, introducing resistance to disease and pests, tolerance of different environmental conditions). Industrial biotechnology (e.g. developing ‘third generation’ biofuels and producin...

The Defence industry of India is a strategically important sector in India. India has one of the world’s largest military forces with a strength of over 14.4 lakh (1.44 million) active personnel. It has the world’s largest volunteer military of over 51 lakh (5.1 million) personnel.  The total budget sanctioned for the Indian military for the financial year 2021 is ₹4.78 lakh crore (US$67 billion).It has the third largest annual defence budget behind USA (US$732 b) and China (US$261 b).  It is the second largest defence importer behind Saudi Arabia making up 9.2% of global arms import. India has a domestic defence industry of which 80% is government owned.  The public sector includes DRDO and its 50 labs, 4 defence shipyards, 5 defence PSUs and 41 ordnance factories. India has a new defence procurement, acquisition and manufacturing policy to reduce imports and enhance domestic manufacturing. Post-independence, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) was f...

India ventured on the path of nuclear weapons development after its face-off with China in the 1962 war, followed by China carrying out nuclear tests in 1964 and the subsequent years. In 1974, under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, India executed its first nuclear test, Pokhran-I, dubbed a “peaceful nuclear explosion”.  Despite more than two decades of international arm-twisting that followed to make India relinquish its quest for nuclear weapons, India again carried out a test in May 1998, Pokhran-II, involving a fission device, a low-yield device, and a thermonuclear device. Its triumphant execution meant that - India could raise nuclear warheads in its fast-developing missile program.  A fortnight after the Pokhran-II tests, Pakistan also carried out similar tests, documenting progress with its nuclear weapons program; since then, its nuclear arsenal has expanded rapidly. In 1999, India came out with an explicit nuclear doctrine that perpetrated, among other things, to No firs...

From a crypto crash to the outbreak of a chip war, the year’s rumbles will be heard for a long time. The world of technology went through its internal skirmishes, and, sometimes, outright war. Here are the Top 5 Tech news of the year - • Happenings of 2022, in ascending order: Fifth is the Crypto Crash : Bitcoin and cryptos seem to collapse a few times every year, but this one seems different. It was 'A Lehman moment' for the sector. The total market capitalization crashed from $3 trillion in November 2021 to below $1 trillion. The implosion of "stablecoins"- Terra and Luna set this avalanche off, and everything culminated with the disgraceful tumble of Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX.There are some stalwarts still standing, like Coinbase and Binance, but the question here is - will there be a bounce, or is another crash or an Extinction Event awaiting in the future? Crypto will be resurrected, but in some different form soon, but for that, the industry needs to stop fighting...